asix-sigma: eliminate magic numbers in sample memory access

Add more symbolic identifiers, and rename some of the existing names for
access to SIGMA sample memory. This eliminates magic numbers and reduces
redundancy and potential for errors during maintenance.

This commit also concentrates DRAM layout related declarations in the
header file in a single location, which previously were scattered, and
separated registers from their respective bit fields.

Extend comments on the difference of events versus sample data.